The study of valid reasoning and argumentation, providing rules for drawing correct inferences and identifying fallacies. It is fundamental for building consistent and reliable knowledge systems.
A formal system of abstract structures and relationships, used to model and quantify phenomena. It provides a precise language for expressing knowledge and deriving new insights through calculation and proof.
The ability to analyze information objectively, evaluate evidence, and form reasoned judgments. It is essential for assessing the validity and reliability of knowledge claims and identifying biases.
Reasoning from general principles to specific conclusions. It allows us to derive new knowledge from existing knowledge by applying logical rules.
The process of drawing conclusions based on evidence and reasoning. It allows us to extend our knowledge beyond direct observation and make predictions about the world.